A fuzzy control design case: The fuzzy PLL

The aim of this paper is to present a typical fuzzy control design case. The analyzed controlled systems are the phase-locked loops (PLL's)--classic systems realized in both analogic and digital technology. The crisp PLL devices are well known

The role of Information Technology in Education

Education and study are vital processes in everyday life. From the first birthday to the last day a person learns every day. We are taught by our parents, people around us, nature, and circumstances. Education gives us certain knowledge and information necessary for our development. This is very important for each of us, and it should be accessible so that as few people in the world as possible are illiterate

G-quadruplex–forming promoter sequences enable transcriptional activation in response to oxidative stress

Oxidative DNA damage is an implacable consequence of aerobic metabolism and often exacerbated in inflammatory processes that use reactive oxygen species (ROS) both as signaling molecules and as chemical warfare against pathogens. An extensive body of work, recently reviewed in ref. 1, has highlighted the deleterious consequences of oxidative DNA damage, which involves oxidized nucleobases that, if left unrepaired, are either mutagenic or strong replication blockers. Most oxidative DNA damage is efficiently processed by DNA repair pathways, primarily base excision repair (BER), the molecular details of which are generally well understood (2). However, an emerging area of research posits that certain oxidative DNA lesions and their associated repair complexes are intermediates in a signaling transduction cascade that uses ROS as secondary messengers to ultimately effect transcriptional regulation (3⇓⇓⇓–7). In PNAS, Fleming et al. (8) reinforce these notions by describing a compelling mechanism by which 8-oxoguanine (OG), a canonical oxidative DNA damage product, when occurring in guanine-rich, G-quadruplex–forming promoter sequences, directly up-regulates transcription of the downstream gene

Soliton complexity in the damped-driven nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation: stationary, periodic, quasiperiodic complexes

Stationary and oscillatory bound states, or complexes, of the damped-driven solitons are numerically path-followed in the parameter space. We compile a chart of the two-soliton attractors, complementing the one-soliton attractor chart.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure